| 摘要:对高强化柴油机活塞的稳态传热路径展开研究，旨在揭示不同热源温度下的传热分布规律。通过搭建稳态试验台，采用42CrMo材料平顶活塞，分别在673 K和773 K热源温度下进行稳态试验，结合热电偶测温与Ansys仿真标定，分析忽略冷却水和润滑油影响的传热路径特征。试验结果表明，仿真与实测温度误差低于5%，验证了模型的可靠性。传热路径可分为6类：活塞—火力岸—缸套、活塞—空气、活塞—活塞环—缸套、活塞—活塞环—活塞、活塞—环岸—缸套及活塞—裙部—缸套。其中，火力岸—缸套路径在热耗散中占主导，而活塞环组与裙部传热占比随温度升高显著降低。温度提升导致活塞—空气传热占比增加，推测与缸内气体流动复杂性增强有关。与传统凹坑活塞相比，平顶设计及较长的火力岸结构导致更多热量通过火力岸传递，而非活塞环组。本研究可为设计结构更为复杂的高强化发动机活塞提供重要参考。 |
| 关键词: 柴油机 稳态试验 传热路径 |
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| Analysis of Steady-State Engine Heat Transfer Path |
| NI Qingbin,BAI Zhixu,PENG Yan,JU Dehao,WANG Yang,LIU Long |
| College of Power and Energy Engineering， Harbin Engineering University， Harbin 150001， China;National Key Laboratory of Marine Engine Science and Technology， Shanghai 201108， China |
| Abstract:The steady-state heat transfer paths in highly reinforced diesel engines pistons were studied to elucidate heat distribution patterns under different thermal source temperatures.A steady-state test bench was constructed，and steady-state experiments were conducted on flat-top pistons made of 42CrMo material under thermal source temperatures of 673 K and 773 K.Thermocouple measurements and Ansys simulation calibration were integrated to analyze heat transfer path characteristics under conditions excluding the effect of cooling water and lubricating oil.Experimental results demonstrated that the maximum deviation between simulated and measured temperatures remained below 5%，confirming model reliability. Six distinct heat transfer paths were identified：piston -fire land -cylinder liner，piston -air，piston -piston ring -cylinder liner，piston -piston ring -piston，piston -ring land -cylinder liner，and piston -skirt -cylinder liner.The fire land -cylinder liner path dominated heat dissipation，while contributions from piston ring assemblies and skirt paths decreased significantly with rising temperatures.Elevated thermal source temperatures notably increased the piston-air heat transfer proportion，which is hypothesized to correlate with the increased complexity of gas flow in the cylinder.Comparative analysis revealed that the flat-top design and elongated fire land structure redirected more heat through the fire land compared to traditional recessed pistons， shifting the primary heat transfer burden from piston ring assemblies.These findings provide critical reference for the design of high-strengthened engine pistons with more complex structures. |
| Key words: diesel engine steady-state experiment heat transfer path |
