| 摘要:搭建稳态传热试验台，模拟内燃机气缸内部传热过程，探究不同热源温度（673～873 K）和冷却条件（20 L/min，289 K）下的温度分布特性。试验基于缸径为130 mm的内燃机，为简化模型固定活塞至下止点并去除活塞环，采用电加热棒模拟燃烧放热，用热电偶测量活塞（中心及周向孔）和缸套（环槽/环岸位置）的温度。结果表明：活塞轴向导热主导传热，673 K工况下的第二道环槽温度较环岸高10.01 K；缸套非单调温度分布为第一道环槽＞第二道环槽＞环岸，这一现象表明气体对流不可忽略；冷却使缸套温度降低20～40 K，但活塞顶部温度仍高于内部15%～25%；冷却系统呈现空间不均匀性，冷却效果依次为缸套＞活塞环槽/环岸＞活塞顶部；出口冷却水温度随时间的增加而降低。该试验数据的温度误差为±0.15 K，功率误差为±1%，可为内燃机热管理提供稳态传热基准，支撑后续仿真模型验证。 |
| 关键词: 内燃机 稳态传热 温度分布 热电偶 冷却 |
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| Heat Transfer Characteristics of Internal Combustion Engine Cylinder Based on Steady-State Test Bench |
| BAI Zhixu,NI Qingbin,PENG Yan,WANG Yang,LIU Long |
| College of Power and Energy Engineering， Harbin Engineering University， Harbin 150001， China;National Key Laboratory of Marine Engine Science and Technology， Shanghai 201108， China |
| Abstract:The in-cylinder heat transfer characteristics of an internal combustion engine（ICE）were simulated on a steady-state heat transfer test bench，and temperature distribution characteristics under different heat source temperatures（673~873 K）and cooling conditions（20 L/min，289 K）were investigated.The experiment was carried out on a 130 mm bore ICE，to simplify the model，the piston was immobilized at the bottom dead center （BDC）and piston rings were removed.Electric heating rods were used to simulate combustion heat，and the temperatures were measured via thermocouples embedded in the piston（center and peripheral holes）and cylinder liner（at ring groove and ring land）.The results showed：axial heat conduction dominated heat transfer，with the second ring groove temperature exceeding the adjacent land by 10.01 K under 673 K condition；gas convection contributed significantly，as evidenced by non-monotonic temperature gradient in the liner （first groove>second groove>land）；cooling reduced liner temperatures by 20 - 40 K，with piston-top temperatures remaining 15% - 25% higher than subsurface points；The cooling system exhibits spatial non-uniformity，cooling effectiveness is in following order，cylinder liner>piston ring grooves/lands>piston crown；the outlet cooling water temperature decreases with time.The experimental data（mean error：±0.15 K for temperature，±1% for power）provide a steady-state heat transfer benchmark for ICE thermal management，supporting subsequent verification of simulation models |
| Key words: internal combustion engine steady-state heat transfer temperature distribution thermocouple cooling |
