| 摘要:对船舶混合动力系统中多层动力电池热失控传热规律展开研究，选用Ansys软件对5层锂电池柜进行热失控仿真并设计控制方案进行对照，探究电池柜的热失控抑制措施。通过分析船用与储能电池柜中的传热机理，发现当中心层触发热失控时，顶层电池达到临界温升（403 K）的时间较底层电池快约 367 s，自首个电池模块发生热失控至整个电池柜完全陷入热失控状态历时1 167 s。在电池模块底部加入液冷措施可以有效防止热扩散，蛇形液冷管道的散热效率高于并行管道且当冷却液流速从0.03 m/s提升至 0.10 m/s时，模块最高温度至少降低797 K，证明通过优化流道结构并匹配合理流速，能够有效抑制热扩散。基于同层电池模块中心区域热负荷集中和热量沿流动方向累积并优先向出口侧扩散的特性，可采用变密度流道设计策略提升电池温度均匀性。 |
| 关键词: 锂电池 传热 热失控 热防护 |
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| Thermal Safety Prevention and Control Strategies for Hybrid Power Systems in Large Ships |
| ZHAO Chengjia,PENG Yan,JU Dehao,WANG Yang,LIU Long |
| College of Power and Energy Engineering， Harbin Engineering University， Harbin 150001， China;National Key Laboratory of Marine Engine Science and Technology， Shanghai 201108， China |
| Abstract:The heat transfer law of thermal runaway of multi-layer power batteries in ship hybrid power systems was studied.The Ansys software was used to simulate the thermal runaway of a five layer lithium battery cabinet and a control scheme was designed for comparison，exploring the measures to suppress thermal runaway of the battery cabinet. By analyzing the heat transfer mechanism in marine and energy storage battery cabinets，it is found that when the central layer experiences thermal runaway，the top layer battery reaches the critical temperature rise（403 K）about 367 s faster than the bottom layer battery.It took 1 167 s for the first battery module to experience thermal runaway and the entire battery cabinet to completely fall into thermal runaway.Adding liquid cooling measures at the bottom of the battery module can effectively prevent heat diffusion.The heat dissipation efficiency of the serpentine liquid cooling pipeline is higher than that of the parallel pipeline，and when the coolant flow rate is increased from 0.03 m/s to 0.10 m/s，the highest temperature of the module is reduced by at least 797 K.This proves that by optimizing the flow channel structure and matching reasonable flow rates，heat diffusion can be effectively suppressed.Based on the characteristics of concentrated heat load in the central area of the same layer battery module and heat accumulation along the flow direction and priority diffusion towards the outlet side，the temperature uniformity of the battery can be improved by variable density flow channel design strategy. |
| Key words: lithium battery heat transfer thermal runaway thermal protection |
